Dominic West dreams of Fred West

The actor Dominic West, who starred in The Wire as Detective Jimmy McNulty, has been playing serial killer Fred West in the forthcoming ITV drama, Appropriate Adult.

Since starting work on this role, Dominic has been having recurring nightmares about Fred West. Dominic has shared his dream, recalling that ‘I have this recurring dream where I’m perched on a wall and Fred West is trying to grab me and pull me down.’

When we dream about a wall we are usually considering our personal boundaries in waking life. Being pulled down from a wall reflects Dominic’s concern that playing this role might cross some of his personal boundaries and make him feel depressed and down.

Actors and artists often dream of dead bodies and murders, even though they are not playing the role of a murderer or are working with morbid subjects.

Dreaming of murders or dead bodies usually suggests that an artist is trying to kill off some part of their own creativity, usually to please other people or to fit in to a group somehow. This act of trying to dispose of their unique talents can make them feel very guilty as if they had actually committed a murder in waking life.

The message from this dream is that rather than abandoning something that makes your life really worth living, you need to resurrect your neglected talent and bring it back to life. We may not all be great actors like Dominic but we all have unique talents that only we can bring fully to life.

Dream Analysis

For thousands of years we have been trying to make sense of what is unconsciously reflected back to us in our dreams and our waking lives. But as we attempt to rationalise our unconscious reflections we lose much of the meaning that we instinctively sense. It is difficult to describe the seemingly irrational using only rational language, and so in all our cultures and all our creeds we have evolved symbols as a way to try and objectively define the indefinable.

A symbol is a thing or an image that is a definite representation of an indefinable meaning that cannot be expressed by our conscious awareness. But a symbol is only a symbol. It doesn’t contain any meaning or deeper truth, it only reflects it. Like how a mirror represents our face but cannot smile or cry on its own. Symbols acquire their symbolic value through the awareness of meaning that they evoke in us. Illuminated by our dreams, they tangibly reflect back our search for meaning.

Symbols may seem like an abstract concept but we are constantly surrounded by them, from swooshes to golden arches, from partially eaten fruit to black mouse ears, from crescents to crosses. We become immersed in symbolic shorthand and frequently begin to value the symbols more than the meaning that they originally represented. Our once meaningful and evocative symbols often become meaningless and empty signs, hollow designer label shells of the significance that they once reflected.

Many academics and marketeers study semiotics, the science of signs and symbols, in an attempt to understand our behavioural patterns and deeper motivations. But as our semioticians rationalise our symbols, they quickly become reduced to deconstructed definitions that simply state ‘this means that’, and so lose their richer meaning. A bull in a wide green pasture probably means something different to us than a bull in a china shop, but is usually semiotically reduced to just some bull.

But semiotics only gets half the picture; it only analyses the symbol and not the space around the symbol. The space around it is what gives the true context and meaning to the symbol. A symbol without a space is an empty ritual and as a reflection of meaning, a symbol is only half the story. It has no significance. It is in the space around those symbols where we find meaning. Our unconscious awareness goes beyond the half truths of semiotics and works in the holotic space where the symbol and the meaningful space around it remain connected.

In our dreams, the spaces are as important as the symbols, because without the spaces, symbols cannot attract and reflect meaning. It’s like when we know we are really beginning to learn or understand a foreign language because we can hear the gaps between the words rather than the individual words themselves. In the same way, the space between two people is never empty. It is filled with meaning in their gestures, their vocal tone, their body shapes. It cannot be isolated to either one. It is their connection, their relationship.

Dream Dairy

Following a tweet from the very charming Stephen Fry, it seems that myths about cheese and nightmares continue to flourish like Penicillium roqueforti on a well needled Stilton.

Stephen reports dreaming like an LSD fiend after a midnight snack of stilton. This experience seems to reinforce the urban myth that bedtime cheese causes nightmares. However, the wonderfully named British Cheese Board commissioned a study in 2005 that indicates we can choose our dream content by the type of cheese that we eat before going to bed.

According to the study, cheese does not cause nightmares but actually induces pleasant and relaxing dreams. The British Cheese Board also stated that it hoped to use the results to encourage more cheese eating before bed. So no commercial bias there then.

The report also quotes Dr. Judith Bryans, a nutrition scientist at Britain’s Dairy Council, who states that ‘One of the amino acids in cheese – tryptophan – has been shown to reduce stress and induce sleep’. This would initially appear to be strong supporting evidence but many other foods also contain tryptophan. These foods include chicken, turkey, beef and milk which all have similar tryptophan levels to cheese.

So why does cheese give us nightmares while milk soothes our sleep? The answer is not the tryptophan level of the food but how easily it can be digested. The more digestible a food is, the more relaxed our bodies will be when we sleep. Cheese takes quite a bit of effort to digest so a post cheese sleep is often very restless.

The more restless our sleep, the more likely that we are to drift in and out of wakefulness. This makes us far more aware of our dream content and because our body is not fully relaxed, our dream content is often less than relaxing as well. This also happens with other foods that we can find hard to stomach such as tandooris and vindaloos.

Anything that prevents our bodies from fully relaxing during sleep will tend to make our dreams seem more vivid and intense. The scariest of these are the dreaded nicotine nightmares caused by wearing a nicotine patch in bed. Smoking tends to reduce the intensity of our dreams so when we give up smoking our dreams often come flooding back in full I-MAX splendour. Recent ex-smokers attempting to sleep while buzzing on slowly absorbed nicotine will have some of the wildest dreams that they can possibly imagine.

So despite a brave marketing ploy by the British Cheese Board, cheese does not always give us pleasant dreams and there is no real evidence that we can choose our dream content by our choices at the cheese counter.

If there was, The Shamen might have been singing ‘Cheese is good, cheese is good’ rather than ‘E’s are good, e’s are good’ on their 1992 hit ‘Ebenezer Goode’, bouncers everywhere would be frisking clubbers for concealed Cheddar and methods of smoking cheese would have become vital lore in our counter cultures.

Dream Deluge

Following my guest appearance with Chris Evans on his Radio 2 Drivetime show I have been inundated with literally (or should that be numerically) thousands of emails asking for help with your dreams.

I have managed to reply to lots of them but it looks like I won’t be able to answer you all individually. I am giving priority to those dreamers who seem to be in the most genuine need of some assistance and I am sure you will all understand this approach.

However, as the psychologist and mythologist Joseph Campbell said ‘A myth is a public dream; a dream is a private myth‘ so I will be posting some of the more common subjects that we all dream about and what these dreams often mean to us. This means you may not get an individual interpretation of your individual dream but there will be even more searchable information about dreams available on the website.

So before dashing off an email to me, try using the wee search box on the front page. This also searches the Nodcasts (podcasts about sleep and dreams) so you can often find what you are looking for.

I have purposefully not included a dream dictionary function on the site. Interpreting a dream is not just about looking up symbols and doing a simple semiotic ‘This means that’.  As Aristotle said ‘The most skilful interpreter of dreams is he who has the faculty for observing resemblances’. Many self acclaimed ‘dream experts’ have a very poor grasp of this principle and claim to use their intuitive skills instead. Intuition can be useful but is no substitute for a really solid grounding in fundamental theory and practice.

As soon as a dreamer starts sharing their dream with me, I am listening out for patterns of symbols. It’s like being a jazz musician; you need to listen for the rhythms and the resonances. Then when you hear a pattern or even a fragment of a pattern, you can start jamming with the dreamer until they hear their own tune.

So take these fragments of meaning from the Diary and the Nodcasts and try weaving them together to make some deeper sense of your own meanings and myths.

And for those you intrigued by how popular culture reflects our dream culture, Joseph Campbell was the man who inspired George Lucas to create Star Wars…

Dream Learning

The BBC reports some findings that have been documented by Dr Robert Stickgold of Harvard Medical School and Dr Erin Wamsley in the academic journal Cell Biology.

‘They found people who dream about a new task perform it better on waking than those who do not sleep or do not dream. Volunteers were asked to learn the layout of a 3D computer maze so they could find their way within the virtual space several hours later. Those allowed to take a nap and who also remembered dreaming of the task, found their way to a landmark quicker. The researchers think the dreams are a sign that unconscious parts of the brain are working hard to process information about the task.’

Even though these researchers may now be confirming this experimentally, this is a phenomenon that I have witnessed again and again during the analysis of over 100,000 dreams.  Before Stickgold and Walmsley did their study, I wrote about dreams and learning in Songs of the Seahorses in my e-book ‘How To Dream‘.

Dr Erin Wamsley goes on to say that the study suggests our unconscious brain is gathering and encountering tremendous amounts of information and new experiences every day. Although she observes that ‘It would seem that our dreams are asking the question, “How do I use this information to inform my life?”‘, our unconscious self is not just looking to process information like a computer working through a stack of raw data.

We dream to remember who we really are and to understand who we can become. We dream to reconnect with all the talents and ideas that we possess but that we tend to neglect and ignore. We dream to play around with our potential futures and possibilities. Our dreams collect and connect all the remembered fragments of what we have experienced and what we hope to experience, and weave all those memories and hopes into a meaningful story.

Dream Offers

As we shine our awareness out into the spaces around us, we are constantly evaluating what we see reflected back. We are unconsciously connecting with other people and exploring the possibilities for self awareness that they offer. It may sometimes seem that we are passive observers but we constantly transmit our intentions, needs and perspectives into the space and time we create. In the same way that we create epic dreamscapes, we are constantly creating space and time in our waking lives.

However, as we do this our unconscious awareness has no rigid scripts; it is very improvisational in nature. As we blend our current experience with more ancient wisdoms we make it up as we go along, playing out our family of contextual identities into our surroundings. What seem like trivial social interactions are deeper projections and reflections of who we are and who we could be. We fill the spaces around us with unconscious cues and clues as we try to connect with each other, and so establish contact with our deeper selves.

Our dreaming awareness knows that the best way to for us to connect is to continually create space and possibilities for each other. This is what we all do, every night in our dreams as we act out different characters and meet all sorts of people who seem to hold some sort of unspoken meaning for us. We project our identities into the spaces we create and this unconscious dialogue enables us to converse with undiscovered parts of the self.

In our waking realities, we often do the opposite. Instead of creating space and possibilities for each other, we tend to close each other down. By blocking offers from others, we end up blocking valuable offers from our own selves. The more space that we create for others, the more of ourselves we can see. Rather than blocking someone else, no matter how antagonistic they might seem, it makes much more sense to open up to them and see what they have to offer us.

Opening up to others and hearing what they have to offer us often means letting go of our preconceptions. The more we let go of who we think they are, the more we notice about who they really are. And the more we notice about them, the more we become aware of ourselves. This often gives voice to our unconscious awareness and opens us up to talents and understandings we didn’t even know we had. In our dreams, we let go, notice more and use everything we encounter, and the more we do this in our waking lives, the more connected we become.

Without connection, there is no reflection, and other people are the best mirrors we have. And if we want to influence someone, the best way to persuade them is to reflect their dreams. By creating space for them to dream and to connect with those dreams, we make them a dream offer that is almost impossible to refuse.

Dream Questions and Answers

Here are some typical dream interview questions and answers…

What are a few things concerning dreams the public doesn’t generally know about?

  • In an average life span, we spend a total of about six years of it dreaming, more than 2000 days spent a world entirely created by our own unconscious self.
  • We dream for between 15 and 20 minutes during each 90 minute sleep cycle, so we dream for between 75 and 100 minutes per night.
  • Five minutes after waking we tend to have forgotten 50% of the content of our dreams. After ten minutes, we have probably forgotten 90%.
  • The best way to remember your dreams on waking is not to move your body. As soon as you move, you will physically start to wake and your dreams will fade quickly.
  • Blind people dream.  Their dream content depends on when they became blind and they tend to dream more in sound, smell, taste, and touch than in vision. These non visual dreams can appear as powerful and vivid as visual dreams.
  • The earliest known dream diaries date from 3000 BC and were found inscribed on clay tablets in the library of King Ashurbanipal of Nineveh.
  • The earliest known records of dreams are the cave paintings at Chauvet Pont d’Arc in the Ardeche region of France. They date from over 30,000 years ago. Dream paintings are also to be found at Lascaux and Altamira. These date from around 16,000 years ago.

What subjects and scenarios are common in dreams? Why?
The most common subjects and scenarios are:

  • Being chased: Feeling under pressure (often from the self) to complete something in waking life.
  • Falling: Feeling out of control and fearing the possibility of failure in waking life.
  • Naked in public: Felling vulnerable and exposed in a new situation in waking life.
  • Teeth falling out: Losing confidence and the ability to engage with the world in waking life.
  • Unprepared for the exam: Being judgmental and self critical in waking life.
  • Flying: Feeling liberated and free from worries in waking life.
  • Losing valuables: Feeling undervalued and having poor self worth in waking life.
  • Searching: Trying to gain fulfillment and satisfaction in waking life.
  • Missing a plane or train: Feeling unprepared for a workplace opportunity in waking life.
  • Toilet privacy: Wanting to resolve emotional issues and experiences in private in waking life.

Are there significant differences recorded between a baby’s dreams, a youth’s dreams and an adult’s dreams? What/how so?
Yes, there are significant differences. We begin to dream while still in the womb and begin to become consciously aware of our dreams around two years old.
Young children’s dreams often involve being pursued and bitten by wild animals and monsters. This reflects their need to resolve the developmental tension between their instinctual behaviour and the need to be socially responsible as part of a family group.
Dreams in adolescence are usually confused and urgent and usually focus on the search for identity and peer acceptance in waking life. Dream content involves befriending celebrities, parents dying and trying to conceal a murder victim.
Elderly people often have dreams about being lost, losing purses or wallets and being on journeys with friends and acquaintances that have passed away in waking life. These dreams reflect a sense of trying to clarify and fulfill a life’s purpose, feeling unvalued in retirement and accepting the inevitable transformation of the physical form.

Why do some people remember their dreams clearly and others do not recall dreaming at all? What causes this?
We all dream and the ability to recall our dreams is often due to habit rather than any unconscious memory skill. If dreamers cannot recall their dreams, the easiest way to begin is to say to themselves ‘Tonight I will remember something from my dreams’ when they lay their head on the pillow to go to sleep. The more we try to habitually remember our dreams, the easier they are to recall. Some people genuinely cannot remember their dreams and this is usually due to a brain injury or a congenital brain defect.

What do recurring dreams symbolise?
Recurring dreams suggest that the dreamer has a recurring anxiety in waking life that they have yet to resolve. Once this anxiety is identified and resolved, the dreamer will no longer have the recurring dream. One of my clients was an 82 year old man who had been having the same disturbing and recurring dream for 68 years. After we had explored and identified the cause of the dream he never has it again.

I have heard that if a person is snoring then they cannot be dreaming. Is there truth behind this claim?
There is no truth behind this claim. Many snorers unconsciously wake themselves up from dreaming episodes by a particularly loud snore. Sometimes the snorer or their sleeping partner will incorporate the sound of the snoring in their dream, hearing it as an engine or thunder or a landslide, depending on the severity of the snoring.

Many people believe if you die in your dream, you will die in reality. Is there any truth behind this claim?
No. In fact if you die in your dream and then die in reality, there is no way of ever proving that you were actually dreaming of dying. When we dream of death, we are dreaming of profound transformation.

Are there different stages to dreams? If so, explain.
Yes. Dreams tend to unfold in what has become seen as a classic narrative structure in the stories that we share with each other, from personal anecdotes to the latest Hollywood blockbuster. The first part of the dream is a back story or set up where we find ourselves in a location with a variety of characters and props. At some point quite early on in the dream, there is a call to action where we are challenged by something beyond our immediate awareness, such as the appearance of a wild animal or the knowledge that we are about to miss our plane. We then engage with this situation and at some point there is a deepening of the drama where we have to make a crucial decision or perform some vital action. If we are successful in this we can usually take the gift of our learning back into waking reality. The most successful stories in our culture tend to follow this pattern because it is the most unconsciously satisfying for us.

At what time during sleep do dreams occur? REM?
Dreams occur towards the end of our ninety minute sleep cycles and are identified by the rapid movement of our eyes, showing that our brain is fully active. We also dream to a lesser extent in non REM sleep. However, these NREM dreams tend to be vaguer and more confusing with none of the clarity and narrative associated with REM dreaming.

Can you elaborate on REM?
Rapid Eye Movement was first discovered by Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky in the 1950’s. As well eye movement, there is often twitching of the facial muscles and hands.

What physical changes does a person’s body undergo during sleep?
The main changes are profound physical relaxation and paralysis of the anti-gravity muscles during dreaming episodes.

Could you explain lucid dreaming to me?
Lucid dreaming is when we become consciously aware that we are dreaming while still in the dream. With practice the dreamer is able to control their dreams.

Dream Twitterings

Today Blinkbox tweeted the results of their Twitter dream analysis competition. Dreamers were invited to tweet dreams and have them analysed by Dr Jennifer Parker. Although this was heralded as a great social experiment that that was the first to use Twitter for dream analysis, many dream professionals have been using Twitter to communicate with their clients for years. For example, All Dreaming is a constantly updated stream of what Tweeters are dreaming about right now.

One of the wonderful challenges of dreamworking with Twitter is to explain the meaning of the dream in less than 140 characters. Rather than using multiple tweets to respond as favoured by Dr Parker, I prefer to respond in a single tweet. This retains the immediacy of Twitter as an expressive tool instead of having to trawl through multiple tweets to try and piece some meaning together. Here are the 10 dreams that were tweeted, followed by my own 140 character interpretations.

@CriticalAnalyst I met Mark Zuckerberg. He handed me a chip-embedded business card and laughed at me.
Take your professional image more seriously. Focus on building strong relationships, not just identifying with particular technologies.

@Squeaky_the_pin David Cameron lost the election because he lied about the number of children he could fit into a paper bag. Honestly!
You have a fear of failure because you are trying to develop too many plans and ideas at once. Choose one and start putting it into action.

@4Laurel The strangest dream I’ve had recently involved a miniature Mylene Klass living in my sock drawer! Is analysis possible?!
Although you are comfortable with your creative activities, you habitually belittle your talents. Be more confident in showing your skills!

@shuzh3n I always dream that I’m shopping but can’t find anything to buy.
You are searching for a job or a life purpose that will bring much deeper meaning and value to your life. Follow your heart.

@nif125 I had a dream that my cat was teaching a social studies class, and had the voice of my grandmother.
You are drawing on your deeper and more mature wisdom as you learn how to express your instinctive independence among your friends.

@BlueStudios Dreamt I was hunted by black wasps that had evolved the ability to dive under water and continue their pursuit in the pool.
You are concerned that you might hurt the feelings of others in your workplace by making unpleasant and stinging remarks about them.

@bmulford Hidden monsters were restraining me with hands behind my back.They were biting my fingers off. Felt the pain even after I woke.
You may be experiencing arthritis or tendonitis, affecting your ability to act freely. You need to take action and seek medical advice.

@SarahPrinty Last nite I dreamed fake scenes from “When Animals Attack”.The last one was a giant squid that devoured a scuba diver, whole
You are worried about your emotional independence and concerned that you might be consumed by uncontrollable feelings of jealousy.

@AnaBowlova I didn’t dream of Pandora. My head’s already a box of Pandora. Neither did I see #Toruk. I did dream of seeing a mermaid.
You are becoming more aware of how to manifest your creative talents in a practical way as you turn your dreams into reality.

@mediasuicide I had a “dream camera” which I could use to distill images taken from my dreams into “real” photographs to show people
You want to clearly  capture your flashes of creative genius and develop them practically so others will be able to recognise your talent.

Dreaming

The experience of dreaming during sleep is simultaneously bizarrely unusual and completely natural. We effortlessly generate entire worlds where the unbelievable happens in the everyday, where the amazing is a routine event, where the sacred meets the profane. Even when you seem to be looking at yourself from a distance, you are creating the entire dream. Every unique part of it, from the fading indigo storm clouds on the horizon to the tiny dust motes glittering in the slanting sunlight.

And even more amazing than the epic unconscious dreamscapes that we create so easily is the fact that we all dream. Each one of us. Every night. It’s a natural process that requires no entrance fee, no monthly subscription, no expensive stimulants, no easy payment starter interest rates. All we need is a quiet space and the opportunity to close our eyes for a while.

But, many of us are utterly convinced that we don’t dream. People often proudly proclaim ‘I just don’t dream’. Or ‘I don’t have any time for dreams, I’m too busy’. Usually too busy chasing a dream in waking life that somehow is never fulfilled. However, we all dream. We have to. It is fundamental to our psychological health and physiological well being. When deprived of dream rich R.E.M. sleep we rapidly become confused and unable to cope with the simplest tasks in our waking reality.

When people say ‘I just don’t dream’, what they are really saying is that ‘I just don’t remember my dreams’. They just don’t remember the amazing experiences that they create for themselves every night. Although not remembering our sleeping dreams may seem to be of little or no consequence, the same thing often happens in waking life. We forget our dreams. We start off with great dreams of who we want to be, the wonderful people who will become our companions in this great adventure, the wealth that we will acquire and the stories that we will tell of who we became and the great deeds that we accomplished.

Then a few years later we are asking ourselves questions such as ‘Why am I doing this job?’ ‘Where is the meaning in what I do every day?’ ‘Why am I doing something that seems to have no real purpose?’ When that starts to happen, it is a sign that we are forgetting our dreams and as we do, we begin to become confused about our identity, our meaning and our purpose. Our dreams and our reality have diverged so much that there seems to be no way forward.

Pablo Picasso remarked that ‘All children are born artists. The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up’. In the same way, we are all born as dreamers. Our challenge is to keep dreaming as we grow and to bring our dreams to life in our waking realities. But because of the pressures and the routines of waking life, we routinely ignore the messages of our dreams and leave them unexplored and forgotten.

Dreaming On

So that’s how to dream. As a human being you knew all along, but perhaps living in the 21st century you needed a little reminder, a nudge from your own unconscious awareness. Here are some fragments from ‘How To Dream’ to weave into your own individual myths.

1. Your dreams will find your dreams.
2. You create the dream that dreams you.
3. What happens inside, happens outside.
4. If you have a why, you will always find a how.
5. You are dreaming right now.
6. A symbol without a space is like a bull without a china shop.
7. If you want to know who you are, look at what you are doing.
8. All need is unrequited love for the self.
9. If we never listen to the truths of others, we will never hear our own truths.
10. Meaning is what really matters.
11. Our dreams and stories don’t always give us the endings we expect, but they always give us the endings that we need.
12. The closer you get to the edge, the more you realise that there is no edge.
13. The best story always wins.
14. Own your own dreams.
15. Change your myth. Change your reality.
16. If you want to know about dreaming, ask your dream. In a dream.
17. Creativity and play are serious survival strategies.
18. Our shared spaces connect our private myths and our public dreams.
19. Other people are the best mirrors we have.
20. Show others how to dream their own dream, rather than forcing them to be in your dreams.
21. Your dreams need space. Walk in a wild place and listen to your heart sing.
22. The most successful organisations are the ones that dream.
23. Your future arrives one dream at a time.
24. Your dreams are in the spaces all around you.